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Search results for: "mountain building in all categories
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3 pages of results. 1. Mountain Thrusts In The Alps And Elsewhere. Ch.6 Mountains And Rifts (Earth In Upheaval) [Velikovsky] [Velikovsky Earth in Upheaval]
... and set on the shoulders of more recent formations. The latter conclusion is chosen; and if De Saussure's notion of the sea sweeping over the Alps appeared fantastic, the idea of mountains travelling considerable distances must sound even more fantastic, unless we know of a physical cause that could have brought it about. But even the very cause of mountain building itself is obscure. "The problem of mountain-making is a vexing one: Many of them [mountains] are composed of tangentially compressed and overthrust rocks that indicate scores of miles of circumferential shortening in the Earth's crust. Radial shrinkage is woefully inadequate to cause the observed amount of horizontal compression. Therein lies the real perplexity of the ...
2. Prehistory and Earth Models [Books]
... take a considerably greater force than to rupture it by tension. Zones of thickened crust refer to the tectogene concept, the high negative anomaly belt and the convection current model of Vening-Meinesz and others. Chapter VI TERRESTRIAL EXPANSION, CONTRACTION AND EARTH MODELS Status of Expansion and Shrinkage Hypotheses THERE is no evidence that the earth has undergone shrinkage or that mountain building is associated in any way with terrestrial shrinkage. Moreover, the heat flux from within the earth seems to have been measured with satisfactory accuracy and amounts on an average to about 1.2 .10-6cal/cm2 s. At an average heat capacity of one cal/0C g, this rate of heat loss would produce a ...
3. Catastrophic Theory of Mountain Uplifts (A Crustal Deformation Theory) [Journals] [Catastrophism & Ancient History]
... the Earth's crust 20 percent of the Earth's mass is north of the 30th latitude north "slice," and 80 percent of the Earth's magma mass is south of the 30th latitude north. The convex versus concave ranges are respectively proportional to the position of the uplift between spin axis poles. This is significant only to a two-gravity theory of mountain building. Such is due not to chance but to distribution of the Earth's subcrustal mass and upwelling magma. These patterns of convex and concave mountain ranges recur in North America, in South America, in Europe, in the mid-Pacific drowned ranges, in Indonesia, in Southern Asia, in Melanesia, and in Antarctica. Taking a global ...
4. Analogous Mountain Building [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... From: SIS Workshop Vol 5 No 1 (1982) Home | Issue Contents Analogous Mountain Building D. A. SLADE The consideration of geology on a global scale has certain disadvantages mainly due to its enormity, thus making impractical laboratory experiments on the theories that have been evolved to explain the wealth of observed facts: in this age of electronics we hear a great deal about computer models - these are very helpful, but their usefulness must depend upon the information contained in the program. There is so little known of sub-crustal structure and its behaviour that the computer model can only confirm or deny the validity of the speculation of the programmers; if it were otherwise, some ...
5. Scientific Prehistory [Books]
... ,000 years rather than 4, 000 million years); 2. the split up of the original supercontinent, Pangaea, was caused by the stresses due to build up of huge ice caps at its poles and this occurred (ending the ice age) around 10, 000 years ago; 3. ice cap forces were responsible for mountain building; 4. coal, oil and fossils were formed by sudden deep burial of plants and animals in the resulting upheavals; 5. the re-adjustments required to restore horizontal and vertical isostacy are evident as continental drift; 6. the conventional geological and fossil "succession" reflect sequences of burial, rather than time; and 7. ...
6. Sagan's fourth problem: Terrestrial Geology And Lunar Craters (Carl Sagan & Immanuel Velikovsky) [Books]
... N.D . Watkins in Nature, Vol. 227 (1970) pp. 930934 state that, "Geomagnetic field reversals occurred more than twenty times during the past 4 M.Y . (million years) and probably more than one hundred times during the Tertiary." Apparently Sagan's million year clock is in need of repair. Mountain building Sagan states, "Velikovsky's contention that mountain building occurred a few thousand years ago is belied by all the geological evidence which puts those times at tens of millions of years earlier." 17 With respect to how long ago the major mountain ranges of the Earth rose, Sagan claims they rose millions of years ago, not during ...
... system of the north of England. He said of these that the corresponding directions only differ to a few degrees and that they have followed one another in the same order, leading to the supposition that there has been a kind of periodical recurrence of the same, or nearly the same, directions of these elevations. These parallel directions of mountain building are worldwide. Taking the Pyrenees as a basis of one of these systems, the direction being WNW to ESE as de Beaumont puts it, but from ESE to WNW as is really correct, we can trace the following like ranges, namely, the Ghauts of Malabar, and certain chains in Egypt, Syria, and Northern ...
8. Velikovsky's Water Mountain((s) [Journals] [SIS Internet Digest]
... was electrically or gravitationally produced. The dust tail may even be the biblical pillar of cloud by day and fire by night. The charge transfer mechanism, from Venus to Earth, could have been the comet's ion tail from which the Earth had very recently emerged..The following drawing illustrates the elements of the discussion. This electrostatically induced mountain building effect of water can be easily and inexpensively simulated. (Water molecules are electrical dipoles and you can do some wild stuff with them.) The drawing top-right shows how to do the experiment and the written material below is for clarification. Its best to try this under low humidity conditions (Winter time is generally good.) ...
... the Permian period. How coal and salt deposits came into being has already been discussed at another place. When the Carboniferous satellite first started building up stratified layers at the end of its pre-stationary period, calciferous sandstones and limestone shales, and later the great limestone beds and black shales (Culm), were laid down. In its chief mountain building period the satellite laid up the great systems of sandstone shales which contain the most important coal seams. The peculiarity that the older Carboniferous rocks cover a smaller area than the younger ones is due to the fact that the former were built up by the smaller zenithal tide hill, and the latter by the bigger nadiral one. After ...
10. The Stormer Of The Walls, Part 2 Mars Ch.4 (Worlds in Collision) [Velikovsky] [Velikovsky Worlds in Collision]
... as the fortress of Priam, king of the Trojans, fell because of earthshocks, a fact established in the excavation by the archaeological expedition of the University of Cincinnati. ' There are a number of theories concerning the cause of the earthquakes, but none of them is generally accepted. One connects the cause of earthquakes with the process of mountain building. Mountains are supposed to have their origin in the cooling of the earth and contraction of its crust.15 This theory is based on the assumption that originally the earth was liquid. The folding of the crust creates mountains and causes earthquakes. Another theory sees the cause of earthquakes in the migration of land masses, even of ...
11. Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Comets. Ch.9 Axis Shifted (Earth In Upheaval) [Velikovsky] [Velikovsky Earth in Upheaval]
... der Erde), are certainly but faint reminiscences of those telluric movements to which the structure of almost every mountain range bears witness. Numerous examples of great mountain chains suggest by their structure . . . episodal disturbances of such indescribable and overpowering violence, that the imagination refuses to follow the understanding. . . ." 5 Suess thought that mountain building came to an end before the advent of man; but today we know that it lasted well into Recent time, and consequently man must have witnessed the great earthquakes that made the globe shudder. When the Andes rose in South America, according to the description of R. T. Chamberlin, "Hundreds, if not thousands ...
12. Review: Beginnings of the Use of Metals & Alloys, edited by Robert Maddin [Journals] [SIS Review]
... strikes, for example. Andrews' book, The Birth of Europe, has a far wider remit. It is all about the development of Europe and European civilisation from the beginnings until modern times. In this instance I am only interested in Chapter 3 which deals quite thoroughly with geology and metal exploitation etc. In the remote past, mountain building episodes are thought to have lifted rocks, heated them and deformed them into weird and wonderful shapes, especially in what are now the highland zones of the world. Hence, we are dealing specifically with a process which is catastrophic. Metals are mined where they occur naturally in veins. This can happen during plate collisions, it ...
13. Discussion Comments From the Floor [Journals] [Aeon]
... model of Antarctic geology. The first evidence of climatic complexity came from microscopic fossils collected in 1965 at elevations 2100 to 2700 meters above sea level in the mountains of Antarctica.(2 ) Analysis of these fossils at Ohio State University surprisingly revealed the remains of marine creatures that lived 2 to 70 million years ago. To rule out rapid mountain building or a drastic rise in sea level, one has to resort to ice transport, but glacial sediment on the floors of nearby seas shows no evidence that Antarctica was free of ice during the recent part of the period represented by the microscopic fossils. For ice to carry marine fossils high up the mountains, a prior ice-free period ...
14. Sinking and Rising Lands [Books] [de Grazia books]
... did Darwin's disciple, Thomas Huxley, and Darwin probably agreed with him. No injustice is done to Darwin by regarding his work as a great model of natural history, or "simply a theory" as some critics like to say. He had many doubts and made many "anomalous" observations about vast sudden catastrophes of species, of mountain building, and, when he experienced a now-forgotten earthquake off the coast of Peru, he was appalled by the high energy displayed, noting in his Journals that the surface of the stricken island was changed more in a day than in a century of uniformitarian processes. Lesser known scientists developed more elaborate theories of the sinking of Pacific lands ...
15. Solar System Studies (Part 2) [Journals] [Aeon]
... do not cross the Mojo to match up with those of lower strata. The Mojo deserves much more attention. It should be mentioned that Velikovsky referred to the possibility that electrical currents, resulting from close encounters between Earth and other planets, could produce subterranean heating of the very type which could melt vast stretches of the Mojo and lead to mountain building on Earth at low energy, provided there was a gravitational pull from above. With such a pull from above, it is readily apparent that Mojo lava could be extruded out from under subsiding land destined to become new sea bottoms, while lifting former lowlands or even sea bottoms to become the new highlands of very recent millennia. ...
16. The Geological History of the Earth [Books]
... known. It is generally supposed that a solid crust envelops a hot liquid core and that our planet is progressively cooling. This causes a gradual shrinking of the crust, so that it cracks and folds. Some parts of the lithosphere are pushed upwards whilst others sink beneath sea-level.3 This simplified hypothesis gives an explanation for the process of mountain building (orogeny). Weathering then carves mountains into rugged shapes before eroding them down. Whatever the causes of the rising and sinking of the continents, the Earth's crust undergoes deformations which change its physical aspect. The processes by which these changes occur are known as diastrophism. As a result of diastrophism, the lithosphere is composed of ...
17. Monitor [Journals] [SIS Review]
... peaks can actually be pushed up or rise further. As new mountain ranges usually create their own climate, often with a rain shadow on one side, this one-sided erosion is the normal course of events and keeps the mountains growing long after they were originally formed. The complexity of this feedback system leads to an interaction between world climate and mountain building, each affecting the other. Crustal slips Science Frontiers No. 112, Sep-Oct 97, p. 2-3, New Scientist 2.8 .97, p. 15 The establishment is now suggesting that Earth may have suffered a crustal slip, a possibility that catastrophists have long entertained. We needn't get too excited though, as ...
18. Uniformitarian Or Catastrophist? Ice Age Theory [Journals] [Velikovskian]
... , (1977), pp. 390-396] cannot be invoked to initiate Quaternary glaciation, because the continents have been supposedly in nearly their current configuration since well before the start of the ice age. Then why didn't the ice ages begin much sooner in the geological time scale? An obvious solution to the problem has been to propose that mountain building in the late Cenozoic initiated ice caps that coalesced to form large ice sheets. Further climatic cooling would cause lower plateau areas to become ice covered [R . F. Flint, Glacialand Quaternary Geology, (New York, 1971), pp. 808-809] The problem with this theory is that many mountainous areas are not now ...
19. When the Earth Nearly Died: Compelling Evidence of a Catastrophic World Change 9,500 BC [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... which became submerged in a great flood, which gives the book a taint of less respectable theories of vanished continents such as Atlantis and Mu which it does not really deserve. Even worse, in this section I found two glaring errors of plant distribution and nomenclature, which left me wondering how many other references were suspect. Evidence for rapid mountain building, crustal displacements, climate and sea level changes and axial tilts is all very interesting and a good section on radiocarbon dating spells out many of the problems but nowhere is there compelling' evidence that all this happened at the same time, let alone only 11,000 years ago. All this is mentioned in conjunction with the ...
20. Collapsing Schemes. Ch.13 Collapsing Schemes (Earth In Upheaval) [Velikovsky] [Velikovsky Earth in Upheaval]
... epochs were of very different length than has been assumed on the ground of the theory of uniformity. The very concept of a 60 000 000-year-long Tertiary when mountains were uplifted, followed by 1000 000 years of Ice Age, a time of great climatic changes, followed by 30 000 years of the tranquillity of Recent time, with quietude in mountain building and stability in climate, is basically wrong. The mountain building went on during the Ice Age, coinciding with climatic catastrophes, and both endured into Recent time, only a few thousand years ago. Notes. 1. A. L. Kroeber in the volume dedicated to A. M. Tozzer, The Maya and Their ...
21. The Establishment of Gradualism [Books]
... least concerning the most recent catastrophe, Cuvier drew attention to the discovery of unputrified carcasses of large extinct mammals in the northern ice. Later, Cuvier's pupil, Jean Baptiste Léonce Élie de Beaumont (1798-1874), argued that even if the Earth was cooling slowly and gradually as Buffon had proposed, and that the reduction in volume led to mountain building, then this latter process was still likely to occur in an episodic and catastrophic fashion, with upheavals of submerged land creating gigantic and destructive waves. Hallam, in Great Geological Controversies, stated unequivocally that Cuvier and Brongniart had used `actualistic methods' in their work, and Albritton wrote in Catastrophic Episodes in Earth History, ` ...
22. The Signature of Catastrophe (Reinterpreting the Geological Record) [Journals] [Aeon]
... Text 1. Paleozoic Transgressive/Regressive Cycles in North America Sequence Name Time Sauk Tippecanoe Kaskaskia Absaroka Late Precambrian-Ordovician Ordovician-Early Devonian Devonian-Mississippian Pennsylvanian-Permian 2. Paleozoic Examples of "Inland Seas/Evaporite Deposits" Name/Location Time Absaroka Sea/Paradox Basin- Western U.S Zechstein Sea- Northern Europe Early Permian Late Permian 3. Paleozoic Orogenies (Mountain Building) Cycle Name of Orogeny Mountains of Location Time Caledonian Taconic Northern Appalachians Ordovician-Silurian Caledonian Western Europe Silurian Hercynian Acadian Northern Appalachians Devonian Antler Nevada to Alberta Late Devonian Hercynian/Variscan Central Europe Carboniferous-Permian Allegheny Southern Appalachians Mississippian -Permian Somona Western Nevada Mid-Permian 4. Paleozoic Example of "Classic Wedge" Queenston Delta Northeastern North America 500 miles across Late ...
23. S.I.S. Workshop Volume 5 Number 1 (1982): Contents [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... From: S.I .S . Workshop Volume 5 Number 1 (1982) Texts Home | SIS Workshop Home Society for Interdisciplinary Studies Workshop Volume 5 Number 1 Members' newletter SOCIETY NEWS 1 FOCUS Darwin's Centenary - A "New Scientist" Affirmation 4 ARTICLES Saturn's Flare-ups by Dwardu Cardona 7 Analogous Mountain Building by D. A. Slade 10 Amenophis, Osarsiph and Arzu: More on the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt with comments by K.A . LeFlem by David Rohl 14 17 Sethosis: the Seti II from the Kinglists? Peter van de Veen 19 MONITOR : Balaam's Vision of Catastrophe * Thera and the Sea Peoples * Velikovsky Reconsidered * Conformity Compulsion in Science * ...
24. Index of Titles
... were the Real Criminals?, The Amarna Period and Levantine Archaeology, The Amarna Royal Tomb, The Amarna Royal Tombs Project - the last 3 seasons, The Amarna Tablets, The Amazon Books Amenophis, Osarsiph and Arzu. More on the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt America B.C . and the Revised Chronology American Journal of Archaeology Analogous Mountain Building Analysis of the Babylonian Observations Analysis Of Old World Maps Anchors Aweigh Ancient Astronauts, Cosmic Collisions and Other Popular Theories about Man's Past (Review) Ancient Astronomical Values Revealed in The Book of the Secrets of Enoch Ancient Astronomy and Celestial Divination Ancient Calendars Ancient Celtic Water Cult: Its Significance in British Prehistory, An Ancient Giants and Gods ...
25. Earth has Flipped Over in Space Many Times [Journals] [Catastrophism & Ancient History]
... The Earth, spinning like a top, would tilt over until it was upside down. "I suggest that the actual reversal takes place in a matter of days- even as little as one day." Studies from many widely separated fields of science are linked together by the concept of polar shifts, Warlow says. Ice ages, mountain building, periods of global volcanic activity, animal extinctions, sudden rise and fall of land masses, and magnetic field reversals are given a unified explanation. John White Rejected by a newspaper, this article recapitulates many catastrophic themes. Mr. White is writing a book, Pole Shift.- Ed. ...
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