KRONOS

A Journal of Interdisciplinary Synthesis

Vol. IV, No. 4 Summer 1979

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 For the Record. . .
Velikovsky and Venus: A Preliminary Report on the Pioneer Probes		 Lewis M. Greenberg
13 Back to the Drawing Board? Shane Mage
16 Stellar Thermonuclear Energy: A False Trail? Ralph E. Juergens
28 The Photosphere: Is It the Top or the Bottom of the Phenomenon We Call the Sun? Ralph E. Juergens
55 The Electromagnetic Circularization of Planetary Orbits Chris S. Sherrerd
59 Two Experiments Involving Gravity and Electromagnetism Immanuel Velikovsky
60 Documents. . .
Heretics, Dogmatists and Science's Reception of New Ideas		 C. Leroy Ellenberger
75 New Dimensions. . .
Group Mind in Development (Hegel and Freud)		 Leon Rosenstein
90 The Twelfth Planet: Two Reviews Roger W. Wescott
C. Leroy Ellenberger
Cover iii Contributors
Cover photograph courtesy of
High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, Colorado

EDITORS

 Editor-in-Chief
Lewis M. Greenberg

Executive Editor
Warner B. Sizemore

Senior Editors
Robert W. Bass, Dwardu Cardona, David Griffard, Robert H. Hewsen, Peter J. James,
Ralph E. Juergens, C. J. Ransom, Lynn E. Rose, Raymond C. Vaughan,
Roger W. Wescott and Irving Wolfe

Associate Editors

Richard F. Haines, Frederic B. Jueneman,
David Lorton, Earl R. Milton, A. Mann Paterson and Zvi Rix

Contributing Editor
C. Leroy Ellenberger

STAFF

Robert W. Bass (Ph.D., Johns Hopkins), Rhodes Scholar, Professor of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young Univ., Provo, Utah: Senior Editor.

Dwardu Cardona, Vancouver, B. C.: Senior Editor.

Lewis M. Greenberg (M.A., A.B.D., Univ. of Pennsylvania), Associate Professor of Art History and Chairman of the Dept. of Art History and Social Sciences, Moore College of Art (Philadelphia): Editor-in-Chief.

David Griffard (Ph.D., Univ. of Pittsburgh), Associate Professor of Psychology, Community College of Allegheny County (Pittsburgh): Senior Editor.

Richard F. Haines (Ph.D., Michigan State Univ.), Research Member of NASA Ames Research Center (Mountain View): Associate Editor.

Robert H. Hewsen (Ph.D., Georgetown Univ.), Professor of History, Glassboro State College (Glassboro, N. J.): Senior Editor.

Peter J. James (B.A. - Hons. - Birmingham Univ.), Archaeologist and Assistant Editor of the SIS Review: Senior Editor.

Frederic B. Jueneman (B.A., San Francisco State Univ.), Director/Research, Innovative Concepts Associates (San Jose, Calif.): Associate Editor.

Ralph E. Juergens (B.S., Case-Western Reserve), Civil Engineer (Flagstaff, Arizona): Senior Editor.

David Lorton (Ph.D., Johns Hopkins), Egyptologist, Associate Research Scholar at the Johns Hopkins Univ.: Associate Editor.

Earl Milton (Ph.D., Univ. of Alberta), Spectroscopist, Associate Professor, Dept. of physics, Univ. of Lethbridge (Alberta): Associate Editor.

A. Mann Paterson (Ph.D., SUNY-Buffalo), Professor of Philosophy, SUNY-CollegeBuffalo: Associate Editor.

C. J. Ransom (Ph.D., Univ. of Texas, Austin), Physicist, General Dynamics Corp. (Fort Worth): Senior Editor.

Zvi Rix (M.D., Univ. of Vienna): Associate Editor.

Lynn E. Rose (Ph.D., Univ. of Pennsylvania), Professor of Philosophy, SUNY-Buffalo: Senior Editor.

Warner B. Sizemore (M.A., Temple Univ., B.D., Lincoln University), Assistant Professor of Religion, Glassboro State College: Executive Editor.

Raymond C. Vaughan (B.S., SUNY-Empire State College), Research Technician, Graphic Controls Corp. (Buffalo): Senior Editor.

Roger W. Wescott (Ph.D., Princeton Univ.), Rhodes Scholar, Professor of Anthropology & Linguistics, Drew Univ. (Madison, N. J.), and Past President of LACUS; Senior Editor.

Irving Wolfe (Ph.D., Univ. of Bristol, England), Associate Professor of English at the Universite de Montreal: Senior Editor.

KRONOS is an independent, non-profit quarterly
Published by KRONOS PRESS.
Copyright © June, 1979. KRONOS PRESS
ISSN: 0361-6584

Address all correspondence, manuscripts, and subscriptions to:
KRONOS
c/o Warner B. Sizemore
Glassboro State College
Glassboro, N.J. 08028.

ONLY $15.00 A YEAR (4 issues) OVERSEAS $20.00